
If you're seeking therapy without insurance, you may be concerned about confidentiality and how this might impact your medical record. It's important to note that any mental health treatment filed through insurance will become a part of your permanent medical record, which could affect your future ability to secure health insurance. While therapists maintain records of meetings, these are generally confidential and not accessible through provincial health systems or background checks. However, if you choose to pay out of pocket and maintain control over your records, you may still need to disclose this information when applying for new insurance, which could impact your eligibility.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Information shared with insurance companies | Insurance companies can request the entire record, copies of notes, or a summary of therapy sessions. |
| Impact on future insurance coverage | Any documented mental health treatment filed through insurance will go on the permanent medical record and may impact future insurance coverage. |
| Confidentiality | Health information is confidential and cannot be accessed without permission. |
| Diagnosis | A diagnosis is required to establish medical necessity for treatment and will be on file with the insurance company. |
| Therapy records | Records are kept by therapists about therapy meetings. |
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What You'll Learn

Confidentiality concerns
Confidentiality is a major concern for many people seeking therapy. When therapy is claimed through insurance, it is considered a medical necessity and a reimbursable diagnosis. This means that the insurance company will require a diagnosis and gather information about the type of treatment, including progress notes and whether the patient has improved. The insurer can also audit records at any time and access any details the therapist has, including information not included in the claim. This information is then included in the patient's permanent medical record, which could impact their future ability to secure health insurance coverage, with higher premiums, deductibles, and co-pays.
To maintain confidentiality, some people choose to work with an out-of-network provider, paying the therapist directly and submitting a statement to their insurance for direct reimbursement. However, this option does not entirely resolve confidentiality concerns, as the statement must still include a mental illness diagnosis and details about the type and length of the session.
Even without involving insurance companies, therapists do keep records of meetings with their patients. These records are generally confidential and not shared with other healthcare providers without the patient's consent. In some cases, a release of information may be required for therapy information to be shared with a physician, such as when the therapist and physician are not connected or working together as a team.
It is important to note that background checks, including those for employment, do not typically include direct access to medical history. Health information is considered private, and even with police applications, health records are not accessed directly. However, it is possible that disclosing mental health issues during a background check could impact eligibility or be a cause for concern for certain positions.
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Diagnosis disclosure
Any documented mental health treatment filed through insurance will go on a patient's permanent medical record. This can impact their future ability to secure health insurance coverage, and their insurance premium, deductible, and co-pays may be higher. When insurance is billed, they require a diagnosis and gather information about the type of treatment and its effectiveness. The insurer can also audit records at any time and access all details, including progress notes.
Therapists must understand when they are legally bound to disclose psychotherapy notes. While confidentiality is crucial, there may be situations where disclosure is necessary, such as complying with a court order for a legal proceeding. Psychotherapy notes are usually not disclosed to anyone except the therapist, and they are granted exceptional protection under HIPAA. However, progress notes are part of a patient's formal medical record, can be shared with other healthcare providers, and contain objective details about treatment, symptoms, medications, risks, or diagnosis.
Therapists should inform clients about how notes are kept private but may be accessed under specific circumstances, and clients have the right to request access. Therapists must take precautions to ensure client privacy, such as storing notes securely. When working with an out-of-network provider, patients pay the therapist directly but submit a statement (superbill) to their insurance for reimbursement. This statement must contain a mental illness diagnosis and details about the therapy sessions, and it does not resolve confidentiality and medical record concerns.
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Record access
In most cases, patients can access their records by directly contacting their healthcare provider or by submitting a written request. However, the process for accessing records may vary depending on the healthcare provider. When making a request, it is important to specify that you are requesting your mental health records, as opposed to your medical records. You should also specify the format in which you would like to receive your records (e.g. by mail, email, or in person). Some healthcare providers may charge a fee for providing copies of medical records, while others may provide them free of charge.
Under the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), patients have the right to request and receive copies of their medical records, including mental health records. HIPAA applies to covered entities, including healthcare providers, health plans, and health care clearinghouses. Patients also have the right to request corrections to their records if they believe there are errors. However, it is important to note that not all healthcare providers are required to comply with HIPAA, and it does not apply to life insurance companies, employers, or schools.
While patients generally have the right to access their medical records within 30 days, they may have to wait longer for their mental health records. Additionally, mental health providers can deny patients' requests to access their records in certain situations. In such cases, the provider must give a written explanation for the denial. If a patient believes their rights have been violated, they can file a complaint with the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Office for Civil Rights.
It is important to note that psychotherapy notes are not accessible to patients and are kept separate from medical and billing records. Psychotherapy notes are the notes that a mental health professional takes during conversations with a patient. While HIPAA prohibits most disclosures about psychotherapy notes without patient authorization, providers can make certain disclosures with patient consent or in specific situations, such as when there is an immediate threat to the patient's health or safety.
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Insurance eligibility
When considering therapy, it is important to understand the role of insurance and its potential impact on your medical record. While therapy can be covered by insurance, there are factors to consider, such as eligibility, confidentiality, and potential limitations.
Types of Insurance Coverage for Therapy
Various insurance plans offer coverage for therapy, but the extent of coverage can vary. Some common insurance providers that cover therapy include:
- Aetna
- Cigna
- Optum
- Carelon
- Regence
- CHIP (Children's Health Insurance Program)
- Medicaid
- Medicare
These insurance providers may offer full or partial coverage for therapy services, depending on the specific plan and location.
Eligibility for Insurance Coverage
To be eligible for insurance coverage for therapy, certain criteria must often be met. These criteria can include:
- Having a diagnosable mental illness or disorder: Insurance companies typically require a reimbursable diagnosis to deem therapy as medically necessary.
- Functional impairment: The mental illness must be causing significant functional impairment in your life.
- Income requirements: Some insurance plans, such as Medicaid, have income requirements to qualify for coverage.
Confidentiality and Medical Records
Using insurance for therapy can result in your treatment details being added to your permanent medical record. This includes information such as the type of treatment, progress notes, and any medications prescribed. While this information remains confidential and protected, it can impact your future insurance options and costs. For example, a history of mental illness on your record may lead to higher insurance premiums, deductibles, and copays when seeking new insurance coverage.
Additionally, when using insurance, the insurer can audit your records at any time and has access to the details shared with your therapist. This can be a concern for individuals seeking confidentiality in their treatment.
Alternative Options
If you are concerned about using insurance for therapy due to confidentiality or other reasons, there are alternative options available:
- Out-of-network provider: You can pay the therapist directly and submit a statement (superbill) to your insurance for reimbursement. This allows more control over your treatment but may not resolve all confidentiality concerns.
- Sliding scale payment options: Some therapists offer reduced rates based on your income.
- Online therapy: Online therapy platforms, such as Talkspace, often provide more affordable options and may be covered by insurance.
- Clinical trials: You may be eligible to participate in clinical trials involving mental health treatment.
- Nonprofits and grants: Organizations, nonprofits, or federal grants may offer financial aid for therapy.
In conclusion, while insurance can provide coverage for therapy, it is important to consider the potential impact on your medical record and future insurance options. Alternative payment methods and therapy options are available if you prefer to keep your treatment confidential or seek more affordable options.
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Treatment control
When using insurance for therapy, it is important to understand that insurance companies require a diagnosis to establish the medical necessity for treatment. This means that individuals seeking therapy must have a diagnosable mental health condition, and the therapist will use the corresponding code for billing purposes when submitting claims to the insurance company. This diagnosis becomes a part of the individual's permanent medical record, which can impact their future ability to secure health insurance coverage. Insurance companies may deny claims if the therapy is not deemed medically necessary, such as in cases where the individual is seeking help with coping, managing stressors, relationship issues, or life coaching.
To maintain more control over their treatment, individuals can choose to work with an out-of-network provider, paying the therapist directly and then submitting a statement to their insurance company for reimbursement. However, even in this case, the statement must include a mental illness diagnosis and details of the type and length of sessions attended. This option does not resolve confidentiality and medical record concerns entirely, but it allows for more autonomy in the treatment process.
It is worth noting that therapists themselves keep records of meetings with their clients. These records can include progress notes and details about what occurred during the therapy sessions. When insurance is billed, they gather information not only about the diagnosis but also about the type of treatment and the individual's progress. Insurance companies can request access to these records at any time, which may lead to concerns about the privacy of sensitive information.
Ultimately, the decision to use insurance for therapy involves weighing the benefits of financial coverage against the potential loss of confidentiality and the impact on future insurance options. Individuals need to carefully consider their priorities and explore alternatives, such as out-of-network providers or self-pay options, to retain more control over their treatment and personal information.
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Frequently asked questions
Therapy sessions without insurance do not go on a medical record. However, there are records kept by the therapist about the meetings.
If you use insurance to cover therapy costs, the insurance company will require a diagnosis to establish medical necessity for treatment. This will go on your permanent medical record.
Yes, you can pay the therapist directly and submit a statement to your insurance company for direct reimbursement. However, the statement must contain a mental illness diagnosis and the type and length of the session attended.
The billing codes used for therapy sessions are 90837/90834/90832, with the number depending on the length of the session. 90837 is for a one-hour appointment, 90834 is for a 45-minute appointment, and 90832 is for a 30-minute appointment.
No, if an insurance company is paying for therapy, they can request records, including the entire record, copies of notes, or a summary. They will also have full access to any details your therapist has.

































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