Superior Construction: Insurance Discounts

Superior construction for insurance purposes refers to buildings made with noncombustible materials such as metal, asbestos, gypsum, or cement. These buildings are considered superior because they are less vulnerable to fire and other risks. Insurance companies offer larger discounts for superior classification buildings, as they are made with materials that are not as prone to damage.

There are three types of superior construction: noncombustible, masonry noncombustible, and fire resistive. Noncombustible buildings are constructed with and supported by metal, asbestos, gypsum, cement, or other noncombustible materials. Masonry noncombustible buildings have exterior walls made of masonry materials and floors and roofs made of metal or other noncombustible products. Fire resistive buildings have exterior walls, floors, and roofs made of masonry or other fire-resistive materials, such as steel.

Non-combustible materials

The use of non-combustible materials is a significant factor in determining insurance costs and discounts. Non-combustible materials are those that do not catch fire easily and have a higher resistance to burning.

Construction Types and Non-Combustible Materials

When it comes to building construction, there are several types of classifications that take into account the materials used. One such classification is the ISO construction classes, which include a "Noncombustible" class for commercial buildings. This class includes buildings where the exterior walls, floors, and roof are made of non-combustible materials.

Non-combustible buildings are those where the exterior walls, floors, and roof are constructed of, and supported by, metal, asbestos, gypsum, or other non-combustible materials. Masonry non-combustible buildings are a variation of this, where the exterior walls are made of masonry materials like brick, concrete, or stone, while the floors and roof are made of metal or other non-combustible materials.

Impact on Insurance Costs and Discounts

The choice of construction materials has a direct impact on insurance costs. One of the primary goals of underwriting for any property insurance policy is to determine the risk of fire. By selecting a building with more fire-resistant materials, you can often decrease your insurance premiums. Non-combustible materials play a crucial role in achieving this fire resistance and reducing insurance costs.

Insurers typically classify homes as "frame," "masonry," or "superior." A superior classification, which includes non-combustible materials for floors, roof, and exterior walls, can result in a significant discount on insurance rates. This is because non-combustible materials reduce the risk of fire damage, making the structure less prone to fire-related incidents.

Examples of Non-Combustible Materials

• Metal
• Asbestos
• Gypsum
• Concrete
• Masonry materials (brick, stone, etc.)

Benefits of Non-Combustible Materials

Using non-combustible materials offers several advantages in the context of insurance and beyond:

• Reduced fire risk: Non-combustible materials are inherently more resistant to fire, which not only reduces the likelihood of a fire but also slows down its spread in the event of an outbreak.
• Lower insurance costs: The decreased risk of fire-related damage leads to lower insurance premiums, as insurers factor in the reduced likelihood of fire-related claims.
• Increased safety: Non-combustible materials enhance the overall safety of a structure, providing better protection for occupants and assets in the event of a fire.

In summary, the use of non-combustible materials in construction is a key factor in achieving superior construction status for insurance purposes. By reducing the risk of fire damage, these materials contribute to lower insurance costs and increased safety for building occupants.

Masonry non-combustible materials

Masonry non-combustible construction, also known as Construction Class 4 (CC 4), is characterised by exterior walls made of masonry materials such as brick, concrete, or stone, with a thickness of at least four inches. Alternatively, the exterior walls can be of fire-resistive construction with a rating of at least one hour. The floors and roofs in CC 4 buildings are made of metal or other non-combustible materials, supported by a metal frame, providing stability and a lower likelihood of collapse during a fire.

While CC 4 buildings use materials that do not readily burn, one disadvantage is the use of unprotected steel for interior members of floors and roofs. Steel loses strength and becomes less stable at high temperatures, which can make it more susceptible to damage during a fire. Additionally, while the materials used in CC 4 construction are slow-burning, they can still add fuel to a fire if ignited.

Overall, the use of masonry non-combustible materials in construction is advantageous in terms of fire safety and stability. However, it is important to consider the potential drawbacks, such as the use of unprotected steel, to ensure a comprehensive understanding of the construction class.

Fire-resistive materials

Fire-resistant materials are an important consideration for homeowners looking to benefit from insurance discounts. While no building material is entirely fireproof, fire-resistant materials can significantly slow down a fire, giving occupants more time to escape and responders more time to arrive.

Bricks

Bricks are a classic example of a fire-resistant material. They are made in fire kilns, which gives them a high resistance to heat. Individual bricks can withstand temperatures of up to 1200°C. However, when used in walls, bricks are joined with mortar, which is less fire-resistant. Nevertheless, brick walls can achieve a fire-resistance rating of one to four hours, depending on their construction and thickness.

Fire-Resistant Glass

Windows are a potential fire hazard due to their glass and wooden frames. Replacing regular glass with fire-resistant glass can significantly reduce this risk. Fire-resistant glass uses dual-paned technology, which increases its energy absorption rate, making it four times stronger than normal glass. Additionally, wooden frames can be replaced with PVC or steel frames to further enhance fire protection.

Concrete

Concrete is a commonly used construction material that is highly fire-resistant and non-combustible. It has low thermal conductivity, meaning it takes a long time for fire to affect its structural integrity. Concrete is often used to reinforce and protect steel structures from fire. The quality of concrete's fire resistance depends on its composition, particularly the type and amount of aggregate used.

Plaster/Stucco

Plaster, also known as stucco, is a construction material made from Portland cement, sand, and lime. It is known for its strong resistance to heat and fire. Plaster can be used to cover any structural material, providing both artistic and fire-resistant qualities. A 1-inch (2.54-centimetre) layer of stucco can provide a one-hour fire rating to a wall or ceiling.

Gypsum

Gypsum, also known as drywall, is a commonly used fire-resistant interior finish. It consists of a layer of gypsum sandwiched between two sheets of paper. Type X gypsum board is specially treated with additives to improve its fire resistance. Gypsum can be used as an underlying sheeting material to enhance the fire resistance of other structural materials.

Metal roofs

Insurance Discounts for Metal Roofs

Homeowners insurance rates can be influenced by various factors, and the type of roofing material is one of them. Metal roofs can contribute to lower insurance premiums due to their impact and fire resistance, as well as their longevity. Here are some ways in which metal roofs can lead to insurance discounts:

• New Roof Discount: Some insurance companies offer reduced rates for metal roofs as they are less likely to leak or sustain damage. This is especially true for newly constructed homes. Even if you are replacing an old roof, you may still be eligible for a discount, depending on the type of metal roofing material used, such as steel, Galvalume® or aluminum.
• Impact Resistance Discount: The classification of the roof covering and the region where you live play a role in determining insurance premiums. If you reside in an area prone to heavy hail damage, having a metal roof with a Class 4 impact rating can result in significant discounts. To achieve this rating, the roof must pass the UL test standard 2218, which involves dropping steel balls on the roofing material to simulate hail impact.
• Fire Resistance Discount: While not as common as impact resistance discounts, some insurance providers offer reduced rates for fire resistance. Metal roofs with a Class A fire rating are non-combustible and can withstand fire exposure for an extended period. This can be particularly beneficial if you live in an area susceptible to wildfires.
• Tax Credits: Metal roofing products with highly reflective coatings can increase solar reflectance and lower the roof's surface temperature, improving energy efficiency. Some of these products are ENERGY STAR®-rated, indicating that they meet the federal government's energy efficiency standards. As a result, you may be eligible for tax incentives and further reduce your overall costs.

Factors to Consider

While metal roofs offer advantages in terms of durability and potential insurance discounts, it is important to note that not all insurance companies provide the same level of discounts. It is recommended to consult with your insurance agent to understand the specific criteria and requirements needed to lower your insurance rates. Additionally, the upfront cost of installing a metal roof is typically higher than that of traditional roofing materials. Therefore, it is essential to weigh the long-term benefits against the initial investment.

Concrete roofs

The fire-resistant properties of concrete roofs are a significant advantage. Unlike wooden roofs, which pose a fire risk and are often viewed as less favourable by insurers, concrete roofs are inherently fire-resistant. This feature not only enhances the safety of the building but also contributes to lower insurance rates. Concrete roofs are also resistant to rot and insect damage, requiring minimal maintenance over their extended lifespan.

Concrete tile roofing is an excellent insulator, helping to maintain a comfortable indoor temperature. While it provides superior insulation, concrete tile roofing is susceptible to cracking. This is an important consideration, as cracked tiles may lead to water damage and leaking if not addressed promptly. Regular maintenance and inspections are crucial to mitigate this issue and maintain the integrity of the roof.

Another factor that contributes to the superior classification of concrete roofs is their weight. Concrete tile roofing is heavy, and the structure of the building must be designed to support this weight. This is an important consideration during the construction phase to ensure the roof can be safely installed and will not cause structural issues.

In terms of aesthetics, concrete roofs offer a clean and modern appearance. They are often chosen for their ability to complement various architectural styles and can enhance the curb appeal of a property.

When it comes to cost, concrete roofs are more expensive than some alternative materials. The high replacement cost associated with concrete roofs can result in higher insurance rates. However, the durability and longevity of concrete roofs may offset this over time, as they are less likely to require frequent repairs or replacement compared to other roofing materials.

Overall, concrete roofs are a premium roofing option that offers superior protection, durability, and fire resistance. While the initial investment in a concrete roof may be higher, the long-term benefits, including enhanced protection against the elements and reduced maintenance, can make them a cost-effective choice over the lifespan of the roof.

Frequently asked questions